\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,scale=1]
  \draw (0,0) circle (15pt);
	\node at (0,0){地球};
	\draw (0,1.5) arc (90:15:1.5);
	\draw (0,3) arc (90:15:3);
	\draw [<-](0,2.2) arc (90:70:2.2);
	\node at (0,2.2)[left]{卫星运行方向};
	\draw[fill=gray] (60:1.5) circle (2pt) node[above]{$A$};
	\draw[fill=gray] (75:3) circle (2pt) node[above]{$B$};
	\draw[fill=gray] (40:3) circle (5pt);
	\node at  (40:3.2) [right]{$C$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}